Introduction In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most effective assisted reproductive technologies (ART) used to help couples struggling with infertility. Iran has emerged as a leading destination for IVF treatment due to its advanced medical facilities, highly experienced specialists, and affordable costs compared to other countries.

Understanding IVF IVF is a process in which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body in a laboratory setting. The resulting embryo is then transferred into the uterus for implantation and pregnancy.

Duration of Treatment The complete IVF cycle typically takes about 4 to 6 weeks, including preliminary evaluations, ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo transfer, and post-transfer care.

Step-by-Step IVF Process

1. Initial Consultation and Evaluation:
   • Medical history assessment
   • Hormonal and fertility tests for both partners
   • Ultrasound examination of the uterus and ovaries
   • Semen analysis
2. Ovarian Stimulation:
   • Administration of hormone injections to stimulate multiple egg production
   • Regular monitoring through blood tests and ultrasound
3. Egg Retrieval (Oocyte Retrieval):
   • Performed under mild anesthesia
   • Eggs are retrieved using a thin needle guided by ultrasound
4. Sperm Collection and Fertilization:
   • The male partner provides a sperm sample
   • Fertilization occurs using conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
5. Embryo Culture:
   • Fertilized eggs (embryos) are monitored in a laboratory for 3-5 days
6. Embryo Transfer:
   • The best-quality embryos are transferred into the uterus
   • Performed without anesthesia
   • The patient is advised to rest for a short period afterward
7. Post-Transfer Care and Pregnancy Test:
   • Hormonal support medications
   • Pregnancy test conducted after two weeks

Egg and Sperm Donation For couples facing severe infertility challenges, egg or sperm donation is an option. The donated eggs or sperm are used in the IVF process to increase the chances of a successful pregnancy.

Necessary Tests Before IVF

• Hormone level tests (FSH, LH, AMH, Estradiol, Prolactin, TSH)
• Hysterosalpingography (HSG) to check fallopian tube health
• Infectious disease screening (HIV, Hepatitis B and C, Syphilis)
• Genetic testing if necessary
• Sperm analysis (motility, count, morphology)

Preoperative and Postoperative Care

• Before the procedure:
  • Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle
  • Avoid alcohol, smoking, and caffeine
  • Take prescribed fertility medications as directed
• After the procedure:
  • Rest and avoid heavy physical activities for a few days
  • Follow-up with the doctor for hormonal support and monitoring
  • Wait for the pregnancy test before making any conclusions